The Islamic Republic of Iran is believed to have the largest number of people who inject drugs in the region, and its HIV epidemic is centred mainly within this population group.
An estimated 14% of people who inject drugs countrywide were living with HIV in 2007.
The extremely high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (80%) found among detained people who inject drugs in Tehran indicates considerable potential for the spread of HIV among and beyond people who inject drugs. It has been estimated that close to half (45%) of the Iranian prison population is incarcerated for drug-related offences.
Iran's annual numbers of AIDS death
Systemic deficiencies in commodity procurement and supply management undermine treatment efforts in many countries. Of 94 countries, 38% responding to surveys report at least one drug stock-out in 2009. The Islamic Republic of Iran, Tunisia, Yemen and several countries in Central and South America cite drug supply interruptions as notable barriers to access to antiretroviral therapy.
On the cusp of the fourth decade of the AIDS epidemic, the world has turned the corner—it has halted and begun to reverse the spread of HIV (Millennium Development Goal 6.A). The question remains how quickly the response can chart a new course towards UNAIDS’ vision of zero discrimination, zero new HIV infections, and zero AIDS-related deaths through universal access to effective HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.
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HIV trend in the Middle East and North Africa
HIV trend in the Middle East and North Africa
Report’s key notes
- More than 5 million people are now receiving HIV treatment.
- HIV prevention works—new HIV infections are declining in many countries most affected by the epidemic.
- Virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is possible.
- Women and girls need support.
- Human rights are increasingly a part of national strategies.
- Financing the response is a shared responsibility.
- Treatment 2.0 could avert an additional 10 million deaths by 2025.
Five Pillars of Treatment 2.0
- Slightly more than half of all people living with HIV are women and girls.
- Estimated decrease in AIDS-related deaths globally among children from 2004 to 2009.
- With an estimated 5.6 million people living with HIV in 2009, South Africa’s epidemic remains the largest in the world.
- At an estimated 25.9% in 2009, Swaziland has the highest adult HIV prevalence in the world.
- The number of people living with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia has almost tripled since 2000.
- Estimated HIV prevalence in Cuba is 0.1%, which is exceptionally low.
- Proportion of the population living with HIV in Central and South America that live in Brazil is 1/3.
- 19 times Increase in likelihood that African-American females will aquire HIV, compared to their Caucasian counterparts, in the United States.
- Prevalence of hepatitis C virus among detained people who inject drugs in Tehran is 80%.
- 56% of countries reporting having a mechanism to record and address cases of discrimination
Iran AIDS Epidemic 2010 Graphs
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Comparing Iran to other regions on a few issues
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UNAIDS has used the following sources for Iran’s data
- Zamani Setal. High prevalence of HIV infection associated with incarceration among communitybased drug users in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2006, 42:342–346.
- Parviz A. Scaling up HIV/AIDS prevention and care in Iranian prisons [slide presentation]. Meeting of the World Health Organization Strategic and Technical Advisory Committee for HIV, 20 October 2005.
- Kheirandish Petal. Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C infection among male injection drug users in detention, Tehran, Iran. Journal of Urban Health, 2009, 86:902–908.
Source: unaids.org
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